Archive for the ‘Recruitment’ Category

Measuring Success

I have always been interested in the concept or possibility that success traits are inherent in the DNA of some. This article by John Leher makes an interesting case for one specific trait, grit.

 

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Life and Higher Education in the Blogosphere

The Pew Internet & American Life Project found that 57% of American teenagers create content for the Internet-from text to pictures, music and video. says Paul Saffo, a director at the Institute for the Future in California says “In this new-media culture people no longer passively “consume” media (and thus advertising, its main revenue source) but actively participate in them, which usually means creating content, in whatever form and on whatever scale.

This does not have to mean that “people write their own newspaper”, says Jeremy Zawodny, a prominent blogger and software engineer at Yahoo!, an Internet portal. “It could be as simple as rating the restaurants they went to or the movie they saw,” or as sophisticated as shooting a home video. (Delaney, Hastings, Rainie, & Orville, 2006).

In terms of higher education recruitment, blogging is the new media. It is participatory and it is a new tool that marketers will need to integrate into the marketing mix. With nearly 60% of teenagers creating content and participating in that media, it is easy for a university or a business to create relevant content and function as an active participant in the lives of potential students. The first step in recruitment is relationship building and relevance.

Delaney, Hastings, Rainie, & Orville, conducted an interview with Terry Semel of Yahoo!. He spoke in depth about portals and blogs serving as the new media and communication tool of choice for college age people. For his first few decades in the media industry-at CBS, then Walt Disney, then Warner Brothers, where he was chairman and co-chief executive-Terry Semel felt pretty clear about what media companies were. Then, in 2001, he left Hollywood and went to Silicon Valley as the new boss of Yahoo!, the world’s largest Internet portal. A self-avowed technophobe who barely knew how to use e-mail, Mr. Semel suddenly found himself in “meetings with a bunch of 23-year-olds”. He already had the ambition to turn Yahoo! into the archetypal “21st-century media company”, but suddenly he was no longer so clear about what that meant.

Mr. Semel has spent the past five years educating himself, including the counsel of trusted advisers such as his daughters, aged 24, 19 and 13. “The first does a lot on the internet, the second does everything on the internet, and the third “lives online” and has so many beeping devices that Semel, who has a New York accent and the kind of humor that goes with it, occasionally wonders “whether she is trafficking”. Between them, they have helped him to work a few things out.

The Internet “is a much larger change than the coming of television” in the 20th century, says Semel. In the past, “someone decided that the news goes on at 11 o’clock at night; people like my wife never even saw the news, because she never stayed up that late. We all grew up when somebody else was the programmer; now the user is the programmer.” That is change number one. To Semel, it means that Yahoo! must do more than provide technology. “We decided to open Yahoo! up, so that anybody using their personalized start page MyYahoo!  and can instantly go wherever they want to go,” even if that leads to the web pages of rivals. That credibility, he thinks, will keep users coming back for a “deeper engagement”. As people spend more time on Yahoo!’s pages-news, blogs, e-mail, chat groups, photo and music sites and so on-whether as their final destination or as stops on a journey, Yahoo! can put more and better advertising in front of them.

Change number two, says Semel, is that-unlike in television, say-”you don’t need hits”. Many small audiences are as good for advertisers as few large audiences, and indeed may be better. This has huge implications for content, turning it into one long continuum-from professional to amateur, from blockbuster to subculture niche.

Chris Anderson of Wired magazine calls this stretched statistical distribution “the long tail”. Anderson argues that old-media economics, which are biased toward the hits at the “head” of this distribution, are being replaced by new-media economics, which allow creation and consumption along the entirety of a much longer content tail.

Exchanges become necessary because people need help navigating around this huge continuum of content. In the present century, says Paul Saffo of the Institute for the Future (2006), “you get large by allowing the many and small to gather on your lawn. This is the media equivalent of what eBay, a Silicon Valley neighbor to Google and Yahoo!, has done for the trading of secondhand goods among individuals. It is what Wikipedia has achieved as an encyclopedia. It is also very similar to what, say, the New York Stock Exchange does.”

A university or institution needs to become the great lawn to accommodate the giant Frisbee of ideas and conversations to be thrown about by current and potential students.

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I Can See Clearly Now

I can see clearly now, the rain is gone,
I can see all obstacles in my way
Gone are the dark clouds that had me blind
It’s gonna be a bright (bright), bright (bright)
Sun-Shiny day.

This Johnny Nash song (listen here) always picks me up. So when I heard it the other day, I took a timeout from the task at hand. The lyrics got me to thinking about how leadership’s vision can help everyone “see clearly”.

Authors Jim Collins, Peter Drucker and James Burns to name a few, talk much about getting the right people on the bus in the right seats. Jim Collins specifically identifies one key trait that was held by all successful leaders, humility.

One definition of leadership for your consideration is that of Warren Bennis, Ph.D., “Managers are people who do things right, while leaders are people who do the right thing.”

Doing the right thing for our businesses, employees, families and ourselves is not mutually exclusive. In fact, I would suggest that they are inextricably woven together. It defines the overall leadership quality of an individual. When you can achieve that balance in the leadership paradigm you have reached the leadership equivalent of nirvana.

Advancing the right thing requires effective vision and the ability to communicate. Henry Kissinger said, “If you do not know where you are going, every road will get you nowhere.” It’s important to note that your vision is not the same as the company’s mission. The vision is where you are going. The mission describes who the organization is and what it does.

Behavioral research scientist and author Burt Nanus suggest that there are four characteristics of effective vision.

Attracts Commitment and Energizes People
People are willing, even eager, to commit to worthwhile projects. An effective vision inspires people by transcending the bottom line.

Creates Meaning for Followers
People look for and find meaning in their work lives. When groups and organizations share a vision, individuals see themselves not just as sales clerks or assembly workers or whatever else their job demands, but as part of a team providing a valuable product or service.

Vision Establishes a Standard of Excellence
Most people want to do a good job. A shared commitment to excellence provides a standard for measuring performance. Establishing a standard of excellence, helps followers identify expectations and provides a model for the distinctive competence of a group or organization.

Bridges the Present and the Future
By bridging the present and future, an effective vision transcends the status quo by linking what is happening now with what should happen in the future. This is why many are calling Barack Obama a transformational politician. His rhetoric has consistently linked the present with the future.

As James Collins and Jerry Porras explain in their book, Built to Last, organizations with a well-articulated vision that permeates the company are most likely to prosper and have long-term success. And isn’t that what we all want?

Look all around, there’s nothin’ but blue skies
Look straight ahead, nothin’ but blue skies

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What’s Your Brand Promise?

The American Marketing Association describes a brand as a ”name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition.”

I like to simplify that by saying that a brand is a promise. And since it is a promise, then it must also be an expectation.

It is critical that your brand promise is clearly defined and articulated to internal and external stakeholders. Stanford professor and author Jim Collins, speaking on how to develop the brand said, “First figure out your partners, then figure out what ideas to pursue. The most important thing isn’t the market you target, the product you develop or the financing, but the founding team.”

In a down economy, buyers of products and services can’t afford to take a risk. They will stick to the brands that have kept their promise. Although noted here previously, it is worthy of repeating. A well-executed branding campaign delivers a myriad of dividends including:

Giving people permission to buy

Reinforcing preconceived notions

Establishing your promise deep in the subconscious of your audience

Helping you recruit and keep the best and brightest talent

Enabling you to charge premium pricing

Thriving during economic downturns

Easily extending into new markets

Branding is too important to leave solely to the marketing department. Branding is the delivery of your promise. It is why you worked those long hours in a garage before bringing your product to the market place. It is your vision. It is your passion. It is what gets you out of bed every morning. Whether you are the founder, partner or captain of the ship, it is critical that the team understand your vision of the brand promise.

Getting your organization to embrace, proselytize and consistently deliver your brand promise, starts at the top.

Define Your Brand Promise – According to Derrick Daye, managing partner at Brand Strategy, “the brand promise must meet three criteria in order to be effective. The promise must be unique, compelling and believable.”

Identity Must Support the Promise – Your logo, colors, tag lines, sell sheets, press releases, all must reinforce your promise.

Do Your Customers Connect -  Assuming that you are targeting the correct customers and prospects, how does your promise affect them? Market research and your employees can help determine the relevance of the promise.

Internal Communication – Can your employees fully articulate the brand promise and the value to your customers? Have your new hires been fully educated on the brand promise?

Partner Communication – Do your channels understand your brand promise? And better yet, have you chosen channel partners that are aligned with your promise?

Corporate Culture -  Does your corporate culture support the promise? Critical to success is that all members of an organization live the promise in thought, actions and deeds.

Measure Your Efforts -  Peter Drucker said, “You can’t manage what you don’t measure.” Internal surveys, customer benchmarking metrics and peer review, will tell you if you are moving the needle in the right direction

Top Down Execution -  It’s your promise. Be sure that you align your communication and activities around your brand promise. Champion your promise with unbridled enthusiasm. You’ll find that it is a highly contagious way to ensure adoption and execution by your team

According to Collins, “focusing solely on what you can potentially do better than any other organization is the only path to greatness.” If you stay true to your brand promise, which is uniquely you, then you are not guaranteed success but you will be on the right path to earning success.

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SEO – Changing the Marketing Mix

At a recent conference on consumer generated media there were huddled groups of marketers lamenting the good old days of traditional media. While others were talking wildly about how web 2.0 is changing marketing methodolgies faster than imagined.

Digital marketing vehicles like Twitter, My Space, Linked In and You Tube created quite a buzz. The topics that generated the most discussion were Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and Search Engine Marketing (SEM).

In a recent marketing management survey by PR Week, 75% of the surveys 252 US chief marketing officers, VPs of marketing and marketing directors say they expect spending for new media and online initiatives to increase in the next year despite the tough economy. (Sixth annual PRWeek/MS&L Marketing Management Survey)

Search keywords SEO Articles and you will find 1,080,000 hits on the subject. Choosing the right approach is completely dependent on your business model. There are best practices that you can employ that will ensure that you are meeting the minimum standards for visibility.

SEO Best Practices Short List

  • The Plan – Get the plan in writing. Expect changes. The written plan provides the benchmarks for measurement. As we all know, what can be measured can be managed.
  • Keywords – It’s how people find you. It’s how search engines rate you. Use keywords or phrases based on your prospects keyword searches. This takes some reverse psychology and web analytic tools like Wordtracker.
  • Website Content – Often times called SEO writing. The content needs to reflect your keyword research. This is at the core of how search engines determine if you are a credible source.
  • Linking Strategy -  Make sure that your site has outbound links to respected websites in your industry. Link to an .edu or .org and the search analytics will give you extra points. Have those same sites link back to you and you’ll score a lot of points.
  • Articles & Blogs – Articles are considered to be more factual. Blogs have a personal appeal. Both have merit. Decide on an approach and get one or both on your site.

Optimization requires commitment and resources, financial and human. It requires monthly probing of key words, links and updating of content. The key is to develop a strategy that you can employ and then be relentless in the execution. Remember, out of sight means you’re out of mind.

I’ll look for you at the top of my next search.

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University Admissions and Recruitment Blogs

The proliferation of blogs in academia should send a clear signal to recruitment and retention professionals in higher education. YouTube.com launched a “private” channel dedicated to college videos indexed by institutions. Want to see the highlights of last weekend’s game (or last night’s party)? It’s easier than ever to share videos with friends at your college on YouTube-join up and add videos to the pool. You can also start or join groups within your college, to hook up with others who have the same interests.

More than sixty institutions are already listed in the index and any university can suggest theirs. It’s very easy to set one up. An edu email address is required to sign up, check out and upload videos. This new service seems to have the flavor of a “facebooked” YouTube.

If you think that this is just a passing fad, check out the number of visitors each day at YouTube.com. This video blog has become such a player in the field of public persuasion that the Republican National Committee was exposed for trying to discredit the Al Gore movie An Inconvenient Truth by posing as a student that lampooned the film.

Andrew Careaga, Director of Communications at the University of Missouri-Rolla, is the co-chair of the CASE Annual Conference for Senior Communications and Marketing Professionals. Andrew has also been blogging at Higher Ed Marketing since November 2005. In a Q & A with Higher Ed Marketing, he comments on the evolution of blogs as a recruitment tool.

Like any communications revolution – the printing press, broadcast, and so on – the Internet revolution is disrupting conventional approaches to communication, and community. Consider how the printing press gave rise to books and pamphlets, which disrupted the oral tradition of passing along knowledge from generation to generation, and which gave rise to universities, which became a new form of community that disrupted traditional life in the village, and you get some idea of the power of media to alter communities. Imagine how empowering it must have been for the student to have a book full of ideas to read. Imagine how disruptive that must have been to European society. No wonder they called that era the Enlightenment.

Now, think about how the advent of the Internet has also created a different kind of community – a virtual community that is unbound by time or geographic space – and opened up new and disruptive communications opportunities. I’m trying not to get too metaphysical here, but technological change has an enormous impact on communications. For people in the PR and marketing business, the social networking capabilities engendered by the Internet means users – that is, anyone online – can easily create, edit and disseminate information that can easily be found.

This means that we’re no longer in control of the message. I’m not sure we ever were, but these days it’s easier than ever for a student, graduate, professor or staff member to spread a message about our campus via a blog, a video on YouTube, or a message on MySpace or Facebook. We need to be aware that these new media tools – blogs, social networking sites, etc. – affect how people share information and ideas, form community, and express themselves.

Anyone in the business of marketing and communication should learn as much as possible about these tools. We’re communications professionals, right? Then we need to understand the media being used to share and spread information, and we need to learn how to use these tools to become part of the online discussion.

I often go back to something Dan Forbush (founder of ProfNet, now part of PR Newswire) told some of us at a conference back in the mid-90s, when the Internet was young. He said something along the lines of, “We’re in the middle of a revolution, and in a revolution, kings lose their heads. Therefore, think like a peasant.” Thinking like a peasant doesn’t always come naturally for those of us who have been trained in traditional methods of PR and marketing. But we need to learn some new communications skills.”

The University of Pennsylvania’s College of Arts and Sciences has instituted a requirement that every student will be a blogger. This is the first step in a relationship management program that will enable students and institution to become familiar with each other. The current requirement is not meant at this time for the blogs to be available for public consumption. Only the student, academic advisor and authorized administrators will have access.

Commenting on this program on the website insidehighered.com, dean of College of Arts and Sciences Dennis Deturck said, “We’re trying to give the adviser some context, so the relationship doesn’t start as ‘who the hell are you?”

Hayling Price, a Penn rising sophomore and undergraduate assembly representative who didn’t participate in the pilot program, said he would find keeping an academic journal useful. “I was lucky enough to have an adviser who had a common interest with me, so we had a good rapport,” Price said. “But that isn’t the norm – most people have less to talk about with their advisers, so this would help”(insidehieghered.com, 2006).

The advantage to the University is that trends relative to student needs or operational issues can be addressed prior to further recruitment of students. The blog also gives the university a point of differentiation when recruiting students. There are some issues with this approach as the public does not have access and the blogs are not editable. This could force students to be very selective in what they record. Robert O’Toole, Arts Faculty E-learning Advisor at the University of Warwick says, “So a student makes a mistake, and then must post a comment or a follow up entry to correct the mistake. OK, that forces them to reflect upon the mistake and the reasons for making the mistake. That’s a pretty extreme form of reflective thinking. Is anyone that disciplined? Is anyone comfortable with behaving in that way? Would we want all of our mistakes to be recorded permanently? Would anyone then ever take risks with what they write? Would anyone ever write anything worthwhile?

Bernard Lane says in his article Blog on and Start the Debate for Australian Higher Education, “My conjecture is that they will find that this approach makes their students very uncomfortable about the technology. They certainly will not get good quality, engaged and involved blogging.”

The University of Sydney is paying 10 students to blog about their college experience. “We got hundreds of applications, it was a massive recruitment task,” Joanna Cohen, Sydney’s marketing information manager says. Bernard Lane reports that Cohen is “blog mistress” of Sydney Life. She reviews all the entries before publishing. The bloggers put a personal spin on campus life for curious, even apprehensive school-leavers. Like most blogs it has regular, journal-like entries with a comment thread. But the home page banner carries the university shield.

“I think it’s working because I don’t domesticate it too much,” says Cohen, who was fascinated by blogs before she came up with this official use for them. At Sydney Life, she doesn’t see a lot of room for posts about dating or wild nights. She says subjects more suited to the readers include how to make friends in first year, insider tips for enrollment day, study and procrastination, as well as immersion in campus clubs and societies (Australian Higher Education, 2006).

An excerpt from one of the Sydney Life blogs reads, “As most of you readers could relate, one of the perpetual struggles in the life of the average uni student is learning the art of time management. For many, uni consists of a lot more than just lectures and tutes. A vast majority of us work casual jobs in our spare time (for everything from HECS and rent to groceries and a bit of extra pocket money), do cocurricular things like sports and music, and around this have to find time to fit in family, relationships and friends. And that’s just the beginning…”

The freedom to express and have a conversation with prospective students is the first step toward developing a university brand with personality and human characteristics. Tracking comments and feedback to a blog is a simple task. Essentially, the university is using students as recruiters. There is no doubt this offers a great cost-perrecruit advantage compared to other necessary recruiting tactics like fairs, direct mail and open houses.

On the website beingedu.com, Emily Chang addresses the operational cost in her article How Much Does a College or University Blog Really Cost? “While blogging has been accepted and advanced in industry by major technology movers several years ago, (Google Buys Pyra: Blogging Goes Big-Time in 2002), higher education has been slow to adopt the paradigm of publishing daily, timely personal voices for marketing reasons. Bloated price quotes from consultants don’t help the situation.

Consider the usual audience. Blogs used in higher education for undergraduate or graduate recruitment are targeting a web-savvy market of high schoolers and undergraduates. From thirteen-year olds to thirty-something’s, blogs are as normal as IM.

The popular blog community Livejournal has more than 7 million users with over 10,000 posts per hour. Another social blog space, MySpace, has over 12 million users. Blogs used for recruitment need to allow freedom for students to tell their own stories beyond the usual “I love this school” or “orientation was fun” rhetoric. I’m certainly not advocating unmediated blogging on a public site, but there needs to be freedom to the writer’s voice. Schools that don’t take the conceptual leap are simply creating diaryversions of testimonials and not really exploring the full potential of blogs” (Chang,
2006).

From an academic perspective, blogs are being explored in e-learning settings as well as in real classrooms. While some in higher education are still learning about blogs, the offspring of the self-publishing blog movement and the iPod revolution has already been born in the podcast.

At Marymount Manhattan College, Professor David Gilbert has launched a class project called Art Mobs in which his Organizational Communication students produce (unofficial) audio guides for MoMA, and make them available as podcasts. The site is a hosted at Typepad blog site.

“Maybe if we demystify the price of implementing the “latest” technology, we’ll give our communications teams, administrators, marketing directors, IT department, admissions directors, and faculty the chance to strategically think through the implications and to explore what’s already possible” says Professor David Gilbert.

At Oregon State University the recruitment and admissions department is promoting the addition of international bloggers to their website, thus expanding their recruitment level to new continents. Dan Karleen talks about blogging in academia on the website syndicateblog.Petersons.com. He says, “They realized the growing need to communicate with an international audience in a similar way they were reaching a domestic audience. For those of you who are skeptical about admissions blogging, you should spend a few minutes talking with Blake” (Referencing Blake Vawter, Assistant Director of Admissions at Oregon State University).

“It will be interesting to see how they blend the domestic and international aspects on a single blog. They’re using WordPress, which means it’s very easy to provide a separate RSS feed for all posts in a specific category, e.g. International Students. I bet we’ll see them do this.”

In the article License to Recruit? Admissions-sponsored Student Blogging Can Get
Real Results for Your Institution
author Karine Joly (2006) speaks about the number of universities that are already implementing blogs as a recruitment tool. Should you launch your own student blogs to support your recruiting efforts? How can you ensure these blogs about college life will end up generating more applications as well as bigger and better classes of freshmen? Beyond the media hype, can these interactive diaries translate to better yields?

Joly says “Consider why they can help attract the best prospective students and persuade them to attend your school. Everything comes down to the Holy Grail of authenticity-or at least a perception of authenticity.

Whether you call them Millenials or NetGeners, today’s prospective students just don’t buy marketing messages delivered on glossy brochures. They’ve spent their teen years watching all sorts of reality TV shows and fallen in love with their “transparency.”

They rely on their peers’ opinions and recommendations on music, movies, and education. And, according to the report “Teen Content Creators and Consumers” (Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2005), 38 percent of all teens who are online say they read blogs.”

Dan Crouch, Web Services Manager and Enrollment Manager at Oregon State University says, “There are already many student blogs at OSU and we wanted a different message to be conveyed about our expertise in Admissions and what sets OSU apart from other institutions. Hence why we consider our blog a business blog.

As for the success of our blog, we’ve been thrilled with the results. Our audience isn’t limited to just prospective students either. It’s used as a tool to educate others on campus as well as other peers in the Admissions community about what we’re doing as a department. And one of the best side benefits has been the Search Engine Optimization (SEO) employed on the blog and our visibility on search engines like Google, Yahoo, MSN, etc… So much so that we’ve gone a step further and deployed a web marketing campaign with a leading SEO/SEM firm out of Portland.

Our pilot project has yielded very impressive results, especially when compared to more traditional (and expensive) media like radio and television advertising. Plus results are easily tracked, making a good argument for future funding.”

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Blogs Are About Conversations

Blogs are conversations between two people or hundreds of them. Understanding the need to create dialogue or conversation is central to the marketing of higher education or any business for that matter.

In the book Markets are Conversations, authors Doc Searls and David Weinberger suggest that we typically think of the Internet in the wrong terms. “When you think of the Internet, don’t think of Mack trucks full of widgets destined for distributorships, whizzing by countless billboards.

Think of a table for two. The first markets were markets. Not bulls, bears, or invisible hands. Not battlefields, targets, or arenas. Not demographics, eyeballs, or seats. Most of all, not consumers.”
Searls and Weinberger further define the evolution of markets in this excerpt from Markets are Conversations.

The first markets were filled with people, not abstractions or statistical aggregates; they were the places where supply met demand with a firm handshake. Buyers and sellers looked each other in the eye, met, and connected. The first markets were places for exchange, where people came to buy what others had to sell — and to talk.

The first markets were filled with talk. Some of it was about goods and products. Some of it was news, opinion, and gossip. Little of it mattered to everyone; all of it engaged someone. There were often conversations about the work of hands: “Feel this knife. See how it fits your palm.” “The cotton in this shirt, where did it come from?” “Taste this apple. We won’t have them next week. If you like it you should take some today.” Some of these conversations ended in a sale, but don’t let that fool you. The sale was merely the exclamation mark at the end of the sentence.

Market leaders were men and women whose hands were worn by the work they did. Their work was their life, and their brands were the names they were known by: Miller, Weaver, Hunter, Skinner, Farmer, Brewer, Fisher, Shoemaker, Smith.

For thousands of years, we knew exactly what markets were: conversations between people who sought out others who shared the same interests. Buyers had as much to say as sellers. They spoke directly to each other without the filter of media, the artifice of positioning statements, the arrogance of advertising, or the shading of public relations.”

These were the kinds of conversations people have had since they started to talk. Social. Based on intersecting interests. Open to many resolutions. Essentially unpredictable. Spoken from the center of the self. “Markets were conversations” doesn’t mean “markets were noisy.” It means markets were places where people met to see and talk about each other’s work. Conversation is a profound act of humanity. So once were markets.

The Cluetrain Manifesto: The End of Business as Usual by authors Levine, Locke, Searls & Weinberger discusses the lack of one-on-one conversation relative to marketing and communicating the attributes of an organization or product. Organizations put forth messages regardless of whether we want to hear it or not. This is also an inherent problem with managers who don’t understand the dynamics of communication. It generally ends up costing more to reach the target than is necessary.

“One problem: there is no demand for messages. The customer doesn’t want to hear from business, thank you very much. The message that gets broadcast to you, me, and the rest of the earth’s population has nothing to do with me in particular. It’s worse than noise. It’s an interruption. It’s the Anti-Conversation.”

Applying this simple and pragmatic approach to communication and in the larger sense recruitment advertising is paramount to the success of the institution. Lynne Bowen-Lowe, Vice President with Quantum Communications, a national nurse recruitment and communications firm said, “integration of one-to-one relationship management strategies must be part of the successful recruitment mix.

Utilizing broad reach media is a given. It is the personalizing of the message that gives an institution the edge over the competition. Prospects feel that the institution knows something about them as an individual by the very nature of the media they elect to communicate through. It all becomes very personal. It’s all about me”

Successful marketing practitioners understand this. Marketers who do not understand this fundamental principle continue to broadcast messages that people don’t want to receive. Every advertisement, press release, publicity stunt, and giveaway engineered by a marketing department is colored by the fact that it’s going to a public that doesn’t ask to hear it.

“The Internet is a place. We buy books and tickets on the Web. Not over, through, or beside it. To call it a “platform” belies its hospitality. What happens on the Net is more than commerce, more than content, more than push and pull and clicks and traffic and e-anything. The Net is a real place where people can go to learn, to talk to each other, and to do business together. It is a bazaar where customers look for wares, vendors spread goods for display, and people gather around topics that interest them. It is a conversation. At last and again” (Searls, Weinberger, 2004).

A case in point is that people will turn to a website such as Amazon.com or Epinions.com to read the viewpoints about a given product or service that interests them. Angieslist.com is a rapidly growing service that rates local service providers. The ratings are by people who have used the product or service ¬-no commercial endorsement just personal experience. These are all blogs and people are having conversations and making important decisions based on these conversations.

“I’m in the market for a new computer,” someone says, and she’s off to the Dell site. But she probably won’t buy that cool new laptop right away. She’ll ask around first — on Web pages, on newsgroups, via e-mail: “What do you think? Is this a good one? Has anybody checked it out? What’s the real battery life? How’s their customer support? Recommendations? Horror stories?”

“I’m in the market for a good desk dictionary,” says someone else, and he’s off to Amazon.com where he’ll find a large number of opinions already expressed:

I love the look of this book, and the publisher did a great job; but I made the mistake of buying it without realizing that it was first published over 7 years ago….

I’ve had this book for two days and I keep going back to it. I may not be typical since I collect dictionaries and wanted this when I heard about it last year, but….

These conversations are most often about value: the value of products and of the businesses that sell them. The conversation is not limited to just prices, but the market currencies of reputation, location, position, and every other quality that is subject to rising or falling opinion” (Searls, Weinberger, 2004).

Lee Rainie, the director of the Pew Internet & American Life Project, a research foundation, believes that “people will become not less but more aware of differing arguments as they become heavier Internet users,” because contradictory views are just a hyperlink away.

Chris Anderson author of The Long Tail says “opinion is a marketplace, and marketplaces work when you have liquidity.” Liquidity is exactly what participatory media provide.

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